![]() ![]() ![]() The military’s brutal crackdown on dissent and widespread abuses in the conflict have drawn condemnation from the United Nations, foreign governments, and rights organizations. In September, the NUG declared war on the junta and formed an armed division known as the People’s Defence Force. It aims to bring together the disparate groups opposed to the junta, foster greater unity among ethnic groups, create an agenda for a post-junta Myanmar, and cultivate support from foreign governments. Eventually, ousted NLD lawmakers, protest leaders, and activists from several minority groups established a parallel government known as the National Unity Government (NUG). Tens of thousands of people, including health workers, bankers, and teachers, joined what was originally a peaceful civil disobedience movement, refusing to go to work until the elected government returned to power. Massive protests erupted nationwide in the weeks after the coup. It placed lawmakers from her party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), and other parties, as well as many activists, under house arrest. The junta-officially called the State Administration Council-detained and charged de facto civilian leader Aung San Suu Kyi with corruption and other crimes. The move came after the military’s proxy party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), suffered a major blow in the 2020 elections. In February 2021, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing and other military leaders staged a coup. Because of the coup, Myanmar has become a failing state, CFR’s Joshua Kurlantzick says. Millions of people are facing hunger, and tens of thousands have fled to other parts of Myanmar or across the borders. Additionally, the health-care system has collapsed amid the COVID-19 pandemic. ![]() The economy shrank by nearly 20 percent in 2021. The coup has also brought economic turmoil, wiping out modest gains in poverty reduction made over the past decade. But it still has not been able to consolidate control over large areas of the country, and experts warn that violence is all but certain to escalate in 2022. The military has responded with a brutal crackdown on opposition forces and protesters. Vowing to resist the military junta, former lawmakers and activists formed a shadow government and mobilized fighting forces across the country. The military, known as the Tatmadaw, faces widespread, fierce opposition from ethnic armed organizations it was fighting even before the coup and ordinary citizens who organized militias. Myanmar has now entered a violent new chapter. ![]() Indonesia’s Election Exposes Growing Religious Divide ![]()
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